domenica 22 marzo 2015
domenica 15 marzo 2015
giovedì 12 marzo 2015
mercoledì 11 marzo 2015
Antidepressant use during pregnancy unlikely to increase risk of asthma in offspring
Antidepressant use during pregnancy unlikely to increase risk of asthma in offspring
A
recent study investigated whether use of prenatal antidepressants
raised the risk of asthma in the offspring. The cohort study identified
more than 733,600 children born in Denmark between 1996 and 2007.
A recent study investigated whether use of prenatal
antidepressants raised the risk of asthma in the offspring. The cohort
study identified more than 733,600 children born in Denmark between 1996
and 2007. Of that number, 84,683 children were diagnosed with asthma,
and 21,371 were exposed to prenatal maternal depression (with a
diagnosis of depressive order or use of antidepressants 1 year before or
during pregnancy). Nearly 8,900 children were exposed to
antidepressants in utero. The hazard ratio (HR) for asthma after any
antidepressant use during pregnancy was 1.00, compared with children
born to mothers with prenatal depression and no antidepressant use
during pregnancy. The researchers determined that the HR after use of
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors only was 0.95, while the HR
after newer antidepressants only was 1.11 and it was 1.26 after older
antidepressants only. The findings, the researchers report, indicate
that "antidepressant use during pregnancy in general did not increase
the risk of asthma in the offspring among women with depression, with
the exception of use of older antidepressants."
lunedì 9 marzo 2015
Condoms are more effective when applied by males
via PUBMED Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Nov;24(11):868-70. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.07.017. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
Condoms are more effective when applied by males: a study of young black males in the United States.
Crosby RA1, Milhausen RR2, Sanders SA3, Graham CA4, Yarber WL5.
Abstract
PURPOSE:
To determine, among a sample of young black male (YBM), whether female application of male condoms for penile-vaginal intercourse would be associated with higher or lower rates of breakage or slippage. A secondary aim was to investigate if higher rates of breakage or slippage were associated with increased odds of acquiring chlamydia and/or gonorrhea.METHODS:
A cross-sectional study of 412 YBM, aged 15 to 23 years, was conducted in three US cities located in the Southern United States.RESULTS:
Among YBM reporting frequent female application of condoms, 43.5% reported one or more instance of breakage or slippage, compared with those reporting less frequent female application (27.2%, P = .003). Among YBM reporting one or more event of breakage or slippage, 25.4% tested positive for chlamydia and/or gonorrhea. In contrast, among those not reporting breakage or slippage, 17.2% tested positive (P = .047).CONCLUSIONS:
Findings suggest that educational and behavioral interventions should seek to improve young women's skills relative to condom application and use. Further studies could also investigate whether intervention efforts should encourage some YBM to be responsible for their own condom application.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Condoms; Sexual behavior; Sexually transmitted diseases; Young men- PMID:
- 25193014
- [PubMed - in process]
sabato 7 marzo 2015
Laser-assisted liposuction and abdominoplasty
via Pubmed
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2014 Feb;38(1):49-56. doi: 10.1007/s00266-013-0242-x. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
The effectiveness and safety of combining laser-assisted liposuction and abdominoplasty.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Lipoabdominoplasty is nearly a daily aesthetic procedure. Despite the emergence of laser-assisted liposuction, to date, it has not been clearly evaluated combined with abdominoplasty. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laser-assisted liposuction relative to traditional liposuction combined with high-lateral-tension abdominoplasty.METHODS:
This study investigated 36 consecutive female patients who underwent high-lateral-tension abdominoplasty combined with liposuction of the upper central abdomen and both flanks. The patients were divided into three equal groups based on the technique used for liposuction. Group 1 underwent conventional liposuction with abdominoplasty. Group 2 underwent a mixture of conventional and laser-assisted liposuction with abdominoplasty. Group 3 underwent laser-assisted liposuction with abdominoplasty.RESULTS:
The patients in groups 2 and 3 had a better aesthetic outcome than those in group 1 with regard to abdominal contour and skin tightness. No major complications were observed in groups 1 and 2. The patients in group 3 had a higher incidence of complications (3 seromas, 3 central necroses and dehiscence), and one patient underwent secondary sutures.CONCLUSION:
Laser-assisted liposuction combined with abdominoplasty in the lateral abdomen seems to be a safe technique with good aesthetic outcomes. Although the combined use of laser-assisted liposuction in the lateral and central abdomen can achieve relatively better aesthetic results, it is associated with significant complications, and its use cannot be supported. Proper laser parameters in the central abdominal area still need further study.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV:
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
If not dieting, how to lose weight?
via Pubmed -
Postgrad Med. 2015 Feb;127(2):173-85. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2015.993884. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
If not dieting, how to lose weight? Tips and tricks for a better global and cardiovascular health.
Abstract
Weight loss is a popular topic and may be of serious concern for many
patients. Even with the abundant literature on obesity and
cardiometabolic risk, it is always challenging to demystify and
reinforce the determinants of safe approaches to lose weight. Measures
of central obesity are essential to characterize the patient's adiposity
distribution and should be part of the routine medical examination.
Beyond this, screening for fasting lipids and glucose are important for
the assessment of the cardiometabolic risk which may lead to increased
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Differences in adiposity as well
as in weight loss exist between sexes and should be taken into
consideration. Rather than avoiding some food or following certain type
of diet, any planned weight loss interventions should promote lifestyle
and environmental modifications with healthy eating and appropriate
physical activity. With clear objectives, this appears to be the best
way in order to achieve weight loss goals permanently.
KEYWORDS:
Weight loss; cardiovascular health; diet; lifestyle
giovedì 5 marzo 2015
Fat burners
Obes Rev. 2011 Oct;12(10):841-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00908.x.
Fat burners: nutrition supplements that increase fat metabolism.
Abstract
The term 'fat burner' is used to describe nutrition supplements that are claimed to acutely increase fat metabolism or energy expenditure, impair fat absorption, increase weight loss, increase fat oxidation during exercise, or somehow cause long-term adaptations that promote fat metabolism. Often, these supplements
contain a number of ingredients, each with its own proposed mechanism
of action and it is often claimed that the combination of these
substances will have additive effects. The list of supplements that are claimed to increase or improve fat metabolism is long; the most popular supplements
include caffeine, carnitine, green tea, conjugated linoleic acid,
forskolin, chromium, kelp and fucoxanthin. In this review the evidence
for some of these supplements is briefly summarized. Based on the available literature, caffeine and green tea have data to back up its fat metabolism-enhancing properties. For many other supplements, although some show some promise, evidence is lacking. The list of supplements is industry-driven and is likely to grow at a rate that is not matched by a similar increase in scientific underpinning.
© 2011 The Authors. obesity reviews © 2011 International Association for the Study of Obesity.
© 2011 The Authors. obesity reviews © 2011 International Association for the Study of Obesity.
- PMID:
- 21951331
- [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-
Pregnancy tests: urine versus blood pregnancy tests
via Pubmed
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2014;157:A6336.
[Pregnancy tests: urine versus blood pregnancy tests].
[Article in Dutch]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss possible explanations for the discrepancy in results between urine and blood pregnancy tests. The first patient, a 26-year-old woman, had breast tenderness, was tired and suffered from abdominal pain. A urine pregnancy test
was negative, but blood human chorion gonadotropin (hCG) concentration
was 455 U/l (reference value < 6 U/l). It was concluded that the
patient was pregnant and she was followed in the outpatient clinic.
Three days later she suffered blood loss and her hCG levels returned to
normal. The diagnosis was a spontaneous abortion. The second patient, a
45-year-old woman, complained of abdominal pain, nausea and more blood
loss than with a normal period. The urine pregnancy test was negative, but the hCG level in her blood was 470.000 U/l. Echography showed a thickened, irregular endometrium. A molar pregnancy
was suspected and curettage was performed. The hCG level dropped
initially but had increased at follow-up. Persistent trophoblastic
disease was suspected and the patient underwent additional treatment.
mercoledì 4 marzo 2015
'I am still a bit unsure how much of a heart attack it really was!' Patients presenting with non ST elevation myocardial infarction lack understanding about their illness and have less motivation for secondary prevention.
via Pubmed
Search term
Search term
Result Filters
Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014 Jun;13(3):270-6. doi: 10.1177/1474515113491649. Epub 2013 Jun 3.
'I am still a bit unsure how much of a heart attack it really was!' Patients presenting with non ST elevation myocardial infarction lack understanding about their illness and have less motivation for secondary prevention.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
There are considerable differences in the type of treatments offered to patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in terms of the speed and urgency with which they are admitted, treated and discharged from hospital. The impact of these different treatment experiences on patients' illness perception and motivation for behavioural changes is unknown.AIM:
The aim of this study was to explore and compare patients' illness perception and motivation for behavioural change following myocardial infarction (MI) treated by different methods.METHODS:
Semi-structured, domiciliary interviews (n=15) based on the common sense model of self regulation, were conducted with three groups of MI patients within four weeks of diagnosis: (a) primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) (n=5); (b) thrombolysis (n=5); (c) non ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) (n=5). Framework analysis was used to identify and compare themes between groups.RESULTS:
Patients presenting with a ST-elevation MI (STEMI) receiving either PPCI or thrombolysis had similar perceptions of their illness as a serious, life-threatening event and were determined to make lifestyle changes. In contrast, patients with a NSTEMI experienced uncertainty about symptoms and diagnosis, causing misconceptions about the severity of their condition and less determination for lifestyle changes.CONCLUSION:
Patients with NSTEMI in this study expressed very different perceptions of their illness compared to those experiencing STEMI. Patients' clinical presentation and treatment experience during an AMI can impact on their illness perception, motivation for behavioural change and uptake of cardiac rehabilitation. Nurses should consider the patients' illness experience and perception when planning secondary prevention interventions.KEYWORDS:
Myocardial infarction; common sense model; illness perception; primary angioplasty; qualitative; secondary prevention
Heart Facts
Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze.You're using about the same amount of force your #heart uses to pump blood out to the body
#fact
— MedicineFactsIn30Sec (@MedicineIn30sec) 4 Marzo 2015martedì 3 marzo 2015
Lithopaedion
A lithopaedion or stone baby, is a rare phenomenon which occurs most commonly when a fetus dies during an ectopic #pregnancy and calcifies
— MedicineFactsIn30Sec (@MedicineIn30sec) 3 Marzo 2015lunedì 2 marzo 2015
Human skin cell to cure obesity, finds study
http://www.tecake.com/human-skin-cell-cure-obesity-finds-study/5650/
In a new finding, researchers have successfully converted human skin
cells into appetite controlling neurons which they believe can cure
obesity, one of the most common disease today. The human skin has the
potential to cut weight, say scientists.
The study led by researchers at Columbia University Medical Center
(CUMC) and at the New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF), found that
cells provided individualised model for studying obesity and testing
treatments.
To convert the skin cells into neurons researchers genetically reprogrammed human skin cells to turn it into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that can grow into adult cells when provided with a specific set of molecular signals in a specific order and in controlled conditions. The iPS cell technology isn’t new; it has been previously used to create a variety of adult human cells including forebrain neurons, insulin-producing beta cells and motor neurons.
For the study, researchers experimentally determined which set of molecular signals to use in specific order to transform iPS cells into arcuate hypothalamic neurons, a type of neuron that can control appetite hence obesity. The entire procedure took nearly 30 days.
Scientists found that the newly created hypothalamic neurons had the ability to accurately process neuropeptides. Moreover the cells actively responded to metabolic signals including insulin and leptin.
However, more research is required to confirm the study and find the effects of hypothalamic neurons on obesity, but the study in initial stages gave promising results. If the technology gets approval from the authorities, then it might help the millions of obese to cut the weight. Obesity has become most common disease today, especially our youth seems to suffer from obesity the most. Moreover, obesity is the root of several other diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Thus, we need several other such researches to come out with a potent solution against obesity.
The study appeared in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Human skin cell to cure obesity, finds study
To convert the skin cells into neurons researchers genetically reprogrammed human skin cells to turn it into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that can grow into adult cells when provided with a specific set of molecular signals in a specific order and in controlled conditions. The iPS cell technology isn’t new; it has been previously used to create a variety of adult human cells including forebrain neurons, insulin-producing beta cells and motor neurons.
For the study, researchers experimentally determined which set of molecular signals to use in specific order to transform iPS cells into arcuate hypothalamic neurons, a type of neuron that can control appetite hence obesity. The entire procedure took nearly 30 days.
Scientists found that the newly created hypothalamic neurons had the ability to accurately process neuropeptides. Moreover the cells actively responded to metabolic signals including insulin and leptin.
However, more research is required to confirm the study and find the effects of hypothalamic neurons on obesity, but the study in initial stages gave promising results. If the technology gets approval from the authorities, then it might help the millions of obese to cut the weight. Obesity has become most common disease today, especially our youth seems to suffer from obesity the most. Moreover, obesity is the root of several other diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Thus, we need several other such researches to come out with a potent solution against obesity.
The study appeared in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
Direct excision of the glandular tissue over any other surgical technique when correcting gynecomastia deformities in body builders
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Feb;135(2):425-32. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000000887.
Correction of gynecomastia in body builders and patients with good physique.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Temporary gynecomastia in the form of breast buds is a common finding in young male subjects. In adults, permanent gynecomastia is an aesthetic impairment that may result in interest in surgical correction. Gynecomastia in body builders creates an even greater distress for patients seeking surgical treatment because of the demands of professional competition. The authors present their experience with gynecomastia in body builders as the largest study of such a group in the literature.METHODS:
Between the years 1980 and 2013, 1574 body builders were treated surgically for gynecomastia. Of those, 1073 were followed up for a period of 1 to 5 years. Ages ranged from 18 to 51 years. Subtotal excision in the form of subcutaneous mastectomy with removal of at least 95 percent of the glandular tissue was used in virtually all cases. In cases where body fat was extremely low, liposuction was performed in fewer than 2 percent of the cases.RESULTS:
Aesthetically pleasing results were achieved in 98 percent of the cases based on the authors' patient satisfaction survey. The overall rate of hematomas was 9 percent in the first 15 years of the series and 3 percent in the final 15 years. There were no infections, contour deformities, or recurrences.CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates the importance of direct excision of the glandular tissue over any other surgical technique when correcting gynecomastia deformities in body builders. The novice surgeon is advised to proceed with cases that are less challenging, primarily with patients that require excision of small to medium glandular tissue.CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.- PMID:
- 25626789
- [PubMed - in process]
Exercise and sex steroid hormones in skeletal muscle.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Jan;145:200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.009. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Exercise and sex steroid hormones in skeletal muscle.
Abstract
Sex steroid
hormones are secreted mainly by the ovary and testis and regulate
diverse physiological processes in target tissues. Recent studies have
shown that sex
steroidogenesis-related mRNA and protein expressions, such as for
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 3β-HSD, 5α-reductase and
aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P450arom) enzymes, are detected in the
skeletal muscle, while testosterone, estradiol, and
5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were locally synthesized in skeletal muscle
from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Moreover, in animal and human
studies, the sex steroidogenesis enzymes and sex steroid hormone levels in skeletal muscle are upregulated by acute and chronic exercise stimulation. The enhanced muscle sex
steroidgenesis is associated with glycemic control via upregulation of
muscle glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) signaling in obese and diabetic
rats and with muscle mass and strength in older men. Thus, an
exercise-induced increase of sex steroid hormone in muscle may positively impact age-related concerns such as life-related diseases and sarcopenia.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Aerobic exercise; Aging; Glucose metabolism; Resistance training; Sarcopenia; Sex steroidogenesis
Pheromone
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8337-41. Epub 2003 Jun 25.
Evolutionary deterioration of the vomeronasal pheromone transduction pathway in catarrhine primates.
Abstract
Pheromones
are water-soluble chemicals released and sensed by individuals of the
same species to elicit social and reproductive behaviors or
physiological changes; they are perceived primarily by the vomeronasal
organ (VNO) in terrestrial vertebrates. Humans and some related primates
possess only vestigial VNOs and have no or significantly reduced
ability to detect pheromones, a phenomenon not well understood at the
molecular level. Here we show that genes encoding the TRP2 ion channel
and V1R pheromone receptors, two components of the vomeronasal pheromone
signal transduction pathway, have been impaired and removed from
functional constraints since shortly before the separation of hominoids
and Old World monkeys approximately 23 million years ago, and that the
random inactivation of pheromone receptor genes is an ongoing process
even in present-day humans. The phylogenetic distribution of vomeronasal
pheromone insensitivity is concordant with those of conspicuous female
sexual swelling and male trichromatic color vision, suggesting that a
vision-based signaling-sensory mechanism may have in part replaced the
VNO-mediated chemical-based system in the social/reproductive activities
of hominoids and Old World monkeys (catarrhines).
- PMID:
- 12826614
- [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
- PMCID:
- PMC166230
#didyouknow that People who recover from #Ebola can develop antibodies in their body, which last for a minimum of 10 years #fact
— MedicineFactsIn30Sec (@MedicineIn30sec) 2 Marzo 2015Hemiagnosia
Hemiagnosia-Hemispatial Neglect:patients may ignore the contralesional side of body; for instance, they shave only to the non-neglected side
— MedicineFactsIn30Sec (@MedicineIn30sec) 2 Marzo 2015domenica 1 marzo 2015
Iscriviti a:
Post (Atom)